數碼化規格能夠就解像度 (Resolution)、色域 (Colour Space) 和位元深度 (Bit Depth)幾方面，為處理原影像檔案(或下稱母檔案) (master image file) [1] 和 仿製影像檔案(或下稱子檔案) (derivative image file) [2] 的程序提供指引。大學圖書館的數碼化館藏一向依從以下的規格，處理數碼影像，以便日後存取及長久保存。然而，按照個別數碼化館藏的需要，某些資料則需要更高的解像度和某些指定的檔案格式。

 

印本資料

資料種類	母檔案			子檔案
	位元深度	色域	解像度	解像度	格式
書冊	24-bit	RGB	400–600 dpi	200 dpi	JPG
報章剪輯/期刊	1-bit	Bi-tonal	300 dpi	150-300 dpi	PDF
報章	24-bit	RGB	300 dpi	300 dpi	TIF, HOCR
期刊	24-bit	RGB	300–600 dpi	300 dpi	PDF
手稿	24-bit	RGB	400–600 dpi	200 dpi	JPG
照片	24-bit	RGB	600 dpi	200 dpi	JPG
書冊封面	24-bit	RGB	150 dpi	< 100 dpi	JPG

 

個別數碼化館藏會因應其個別要求，需要加上縮圖，以作預覽之用，這些縮圖的製作規格為色域256色及解像度15-30dpi。

 

多媒體資料

資料種類	母檔案	子檔案
	格式	位元頻率	栻式
聲音	MP3	128 kbps
錄像	MP4	800 kbps	MP4

 

---

 

[1] 母檔案的製作規格是：

• 格式: TIFF image (未壓縮的圖像)
• 顏色: 24-bit RGB colour
• 解析度: 300 dpi
• 版本: Tiff 5.0

 

備註:

• • • 1比1 非抽樣式光學解像度
    • 高質素重印
    • 作為永久保存之用
    • 用以製作子檔案

 

[2] 子檔案的製作規格是

• 格式: JPEG, PDF file
• 顏色: 24-bit RGB colour
• 解析度: 300 dpi

 

備註:

• • • 由母檔直接轉換
    • 用作一般瀏覽
    • 經過壓縮，以便終端機下載快取圖像
    • 可容許的解像度，以迎合初步研究需要
    • 附載元資料 (Metadata)，如：文字辨識 (OCR)

 

---

 

聲明
以上內容並非招標要求或數碼化技術指引，如須進一步了解有關詳情，歡迎發電郵至 digitization@lib.cuhk.edu.hk。

 

圖書館現正提供以下的數碼服務，以提高大學的學習和研究成效。歡迎把你的要求連同所需的數碼服務和要求的細節，如資料的格式、數量、暫定時間表和聯絡人等電郵至 digitization@lib.cuhk.edu.hk 。

1. 數碼化服務
2. 在數碼典藏存放數碼物件
3. 數碼項目規劃和諮詢

 

數碼化服務

數碼服務團隊通常從圖書館館藏創建數碼館藏。我們也尋求大學學院和學系的外部內容，他們必須持有這些資料，並希望通過「香港中文大學數碼典藏」與全球研究界分享 (請參閱「開放存取政策」)。該資料可以是文本、圖片或多媒體。然而，由於數碼服務團隊的資源所限，該服務限制為一次性的小型項目。費用由提出請求的學院承擔。完成時間則視乎數量和數碼服務團隊的工作量。我們會根據具體情況逐一項目進行協商。

對於大型項目，我們的服務取決於所涉及的數量、所需的時間、及要求的性質。數碼服務團隊很樂意與你討論。如有需要，我們也會協助申請大學資助。

我們的服務符合業界最佳實踐和以下的數碼化標準： http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/tc/standards。 掃描的程序會於校內進行或外包給供應商。如需要掃描的資料或數碼檔案會捐贈給圖書館的話，圖書館將妥善地把它們收編在圖書館目錄或圖書館檔案。也歡迎你向我們提供所需的特定的元數據。

 

在數碼典藏存放數碼物件

如果學院已經擁有數碼檔案或資料是以數碼方式產生，歡迎你將它們存放在「香港中文大學數碼典藏」，藉此向公眾開放或資源共享。數碼服務團隊將評估這些數碼圖像，如果它們合適存放在數碼典藏中，他們將負責處理數碼轉換。這項服務是免費的。然而，由於資源有限，不是所有要求都會接受。此外，我們將不提供任何網站託管。

 

數碼項目規劃和諮詢

數碼服務團隊也很樂意為以下項目提供免費的專家意見：

• 合適於數碼項目的硬件、軟件和流程
• 為你的數碼項目提供後勤支援，如尋找供應商、質量控制的方法
• 評估該項目是否適合數碼化

 

 

---

 

1. Introduction – Context and Vision
2. Goals and Drivers of Digitisation
3. Selection and Prioritization of Content for Digitisation
4. Digitisation Strategies
5. Access and Discovery
6. Digital Curation
7. Digital Archiving & Preservation
8. Promotion and marketing of digital collections
9. Governance and Implementation
10. Measurement of Success
11. Review of the Policy
Appendix

 

---

 

1. Introduction – Context and Vision

The Chinese University of Hong Kong Library (the Library) has started its digitisation program in as early as 1995. It has already built a substantial mass of millions of images in various subjects and disciplines ranging from religious, political, social, cultural, to literature. They are valuable digital collections for researchers and scholars of the University community and the public alike. To build on the acquired expertise over the past decades and to expand the Library’s digital collections in a sustainable manner, the purpose of this policy is to formalize the Library’s approach to its digitisation activities over the next three years in order to achieve the following goals as set out in the Library’s Strategic Plan 2013-2016.

• Further realizing the potential of the digital collections already developed by the Library
• Support research, teaching and learning programs of the University, in particular digital scholarship of the Library
• Facilitate discovery and easy access to digital collections
• Set the framework to evaluate, select and prioritize its digitisation activities

 

 

2. Goals and Drivers of Digitisation

Digitisation brings myriad of advantages to library users. By developing our digital collections, the Library aims to:

1. Open up and improved users’ access to the Library’s collections – digitising the Library’s collections, especially those fragile or rare materials not fit for physical access, enables fast and convenient online access;
2. Inspire new audience to access the Library’s collection;
3. Enable further exploration of the content of the Library’s digital collections by new technologies such as data-mining and text-mining to facilitate researchers and scholars both in the University and worldwide to utilize the digital collections for research and teaching purpose and to support new research methods such as digital humanities;
4. Provides better preservation of unique, rare and fragile materials by migrating them into digital format;
5. Uncover the hidden treasures of the Library to enhance the discoverability and visibility of the Library’s collections to increase its use and research impact;
6. Collaborate within and beyond the University community to create more digital collections that align with the mission of the University in particular; and,
7. Continue to develop current digital contents by applying emerging digital technologies where applicable.

 

 

3. Selection and Prioritization of Content for Digitisation

a. Selection Criteria

Not all content of the library collection can / should be digitised. Where applicable, the Library’s collections that meet the following principles should be prioritized for digitisation ^[1] :

1. Current and potential research value – Consideration will be given to whether the collection has active research being carried out or has potentials to support new research projects, and whether the collection has intrinsic value that attracts interests of the academic community.
2. Relevance to the research, teaching and learning programs of the University – Consideration will be given to how far the collection will meet the needs of students, faculty and researchers or support the research and curriculum of the University.
3. Access needs – Consideration will be given to whether the collection is in great demand or anticipated to have high demand or whether digitisation will significantly enhance its access and use.
4. Rarity of the collection – Consideration will be given to whether the collection is unique.
5. Fragility of the collection – Consideration will be given to whether the physical condition of the collection is fit for digitisation or it is deteriorating at a speed that digitisation at a later stage is not possible or more expensive.
6. Donor’s wish – Consideration will be given to whether donors have requested digitisation of their collections donated to the Library or whether donors will give consent to the Library to digitize their collections.
7. Copyright clearance or out-of-copyright – Consideration will be given to whether the materials are out-of-copyright so that it is easier and cheaper for digitisation to be carried out or whether the rights and permissions for digitisation and electronic access securable or easy to be secured.
8. Availability of technology – Consideration will be given to whether the collection requires specific digitisation technology that is not yet available to the Library or whether the current digitisation technology is able to yield image quality adequate enough to meet the requirements of the project such as Optical Character Recognition or how easy it will be to digitize the collection.
9. Cost of digitisation – Consideration will be given to whether the cost of digitisation and its post-processing work supported by the Library’s budget or whether resources are available elsewhere to keep digitisation work sustainable.

It should be noted that the importance of the above selection criteria can be different for different library materials. To streamline the process of selection, the Library will take the scorecard approach adopted by National Library of New Zealand to help prioritize the digitsation projects by assigning weights and fits to each project according to the above criteria. Please refer to Appendix 1 for details.

The scoring is performed by Digital Initiatives Group (DIG) in consultation with the University Librarian or Faculty members for collaborative digitisation projects.

In view of the limited resources available to the Library, digitisation activity will be carried out in the priority of the scores given to each project.

 

b. Sources of Materials

Content selected for digitisation will mainly come from internal special collections, external donation, and collaboration / partnership with CUHK community.

 

c. Format of Materials

All formats of materials will be covered including but not limited to books, manuscripts, photos, maps, artworks, audio recordings, and video recordings.

 

 

4. Digitisation Strategies

The Library strives to implement its digitisation programs in a long-term sustainable manner by developing effective service model, establishing partnership with different internal units and external organizations of the University, adhering to technical standards of digitisation in the industry and proven best practice, and developing an effective infrastructure and platform.

a. Sustainability of digitisation initiatives ^[2]

1. To keep the digitisation projects sustainable so that they can be carried out in on-going manner, a viable service model composite of diverse sources of financial support should be derived for existing and new projects submitted for consideration of digitisation:
   • Internal funding from the Library
   • Collaborate with other University departments with potential for funding support
   • External funding sources through donations or securing government grants from University Grants Committee (UGC)
   • Levying charges for digitisation such as large-scale digitisation projects, online hosting of the digital collections of partnering units and data conversion services.
   • Collaborate with commercial publishers for funding support if appropriate
   • Collaborate with other local and overseas libraries such as Joint University Librarians Advisory Committee (JULAC)
2. Ongoing commitment from the Library’s internal funding for the development of its digital repository including hardware and software, and the support of its technical staff to keep the digitized materials accessible.
3. Derive measures to keep the maintenance cost as low as possible so that it can be absorbed into the operating cost of the Library.
4. Ongoing review of the digital collections to ensure they meet the mission of the University, remain relevant to the needs of the intended audience and remain valuable to the community.

 

b. Digitisation Process and Standards

1. Materials selected for digitisation will be processed using the most effective method. Rare and fragile materials will be scanned within the University campus while other materials will be out-sourced using methods as agreed by the Library.
2. The Library has established technical standards for file formats of the master image file and the derivative image file for different types of materials. These standards will be reviewed regularly in order to keep up with the latest industry standards. Where appropriate, higher resolution and special formats will be adopted depending on the requirements of individual projects.
3. Each digital object would be described with appropriate descriptive and structural metadata that conform to international standards.
4. The Library protects copyright of the content selected for digitisation. They would be cleared of copyright before digitisation. Where appropriate, Creative Common License would be created to protect the copyright of the original creator while allowing others to make some uses of their work in the digital age. The Library also reserves the rights to take-down digital images that are suspected of infringing the Copyright Ordinance of Hong Kong or any other third party.
5. There is no one single workflow that meets the needs of all digitisation projects; the process may vary slightly according to the specific requirements of each project. In general, the following processes are required:
   1. Physical handling of the material such as accessioning, cleaning, checking its physical condition, basic conservation measures such as freezing to treat infested materials.
   2. Assess whether the materials should be prioritized for digitisation.
   3. Where appropriate, the materials will be sent to Cataloguing / Special Collections for metadata creation depending on the nature of the materials.
   4. The materials will then be sent to Research Support & Digital Initiatives to map out the most appropriate method of digitisation and the requirements of deliverables.
   5. The actual process of scanning will take place either in house or out-sourced.
   6. Images will be further processed after the image-capturing process to ensure the images are in the correct size and color.
   7. Images will be checked for its image quality and accuracy. Those that do not meet the standard will be captured again.
   8. Those images meeting all the requirements will be ingested into the CUHK Digital Repository for users’ access and the servers for archiving.

 

 

5. Access and Discovery

• The Library supports open access. The digital collections would be made openly accessible online whenever the rights permit.
• The CUHK Digital Repository is established as the institutional repository for all digital content. This repository is OAI-PMH compliant that is able to integrate with the discovery service of the Library to make the digital content more discoverable, accessible and seamless to users.
• The digital collections that are open access will be registered in different OA repositories and directories.
• Those legacy collections without digital objects will be removed from the CUHK Digital Repository and will be described in appropriate library web sites.
• To facilitate access via the discovery platform of the Library, the digitized materials should be catalogued either as a collection or individually in the Library catalogue and with links to the digital objects in the CUHK Digital Repository.
• Archival materials will be catalogued and made searchable in the Archive finding aid of the Library. If they are selected for digitisation, the digital objects will be stored and accessible on the CUHK Digital Repository and bi-directional links to the Archive finding aid of the Library. If only part of the collection is selected for digitisation, it should be stated clearly in both the CUHK Digital Repository and the Archive finding aids of the Library.
• Each digital collection should be accompanied with a clear statement of ownership and copyright to make clear its terms of use. Creative Commons License will be created wherever it is deemed necessary.

 

 

6. Digital Curation

At present, all digital collections of the Library are created through digitisation. In future, the Library will proactively curate digital-born content according to the selection principles stated in Section 3 in this policy. We will make use of appropriate open source web harvesting tools and technologies and will develop our own wherever it is needed. The curated content will be made accessible in the CUHK Digital Repository and be applied with all the access principles stated in this policy.

 

 

7. Digital Archiving & Preservation

As part of the life-cycle management of digital content, the Library is committed to archive and preserve its digital content to ensure its accessibility and authenticity in the long run.

   1. Scope – Since only content of enduring value is identified for digitisation, all digital collections created will be archived and preserved rigorously to ensure its accessibility in the long term.

   2. Principles -

1. 1. Each digital collection regardless whether they are created or born-digital should incorporate elements of digital archival and preservation planning to ensure the digital content will be properly archived and preserved in the long run.
   2. While the Library is committed to archive and preserve its digital content in the long run and according to the respective archival and preservation plan, it is impossible for the Library to guarantee its accessibility forever. All digital collections will be reviewed and the Library will withdraw those that are no longer meeting the needs of users at a particular time.

   3. Strategies -

1. 1. Technology infrastructure – The Library will develop appropriate technology infrastructure according to international standard and framework to manage its digital archives.
   2. Persistent identifiers – Each digital object will be associated with an unique persistent link to ensure its continued access.
   3. Keeping multiple copies – The master image files for all digital objects are stored separately from the production images. One backup copy is placed in the Data Centre of Information Technology Service Centre at Wu Ho Man Yuen (WMY) Building for disaster recovery. Other means of archiving the digitized copy will be adopted as appropriate.
   4. Keeping up with technological change ^[3] – The Library will adopt the following strategies to deal with technological obsolescence:
      
      1. The Library will maintain obsolete hardware and software as far as possible as a means of access in the short to medium term.
      2. Refreshing – The digital objects will be copied from one storage medium to another to keep them accessible.
      3. Migration – The digital objects will be migrated to new hardware / software system and media to keep them viable. It is noted there is potential for loss of some functionality and data in each migration.
   5. Intellectual Property Rights - The Library will ensure that the archived and preserved digital content is complied with the prevailing intellectual property laws and ordinance of Hong Kong.
   6. Continuous staff training - The Library will also allocate appropriate resources to provide continuous education and training to IT professionals and technical staff members to ensure they have the required skills and knowledge to manage the digital collections.

 

 

8. Promotion and marketing of digital collections

It is crucial for the success of the Library’s digitisation program to make all digital collections more visible and accessible to library users. A mixture of following strategies will be adopted:

1. Include links to the CUHK Digital Repository in the home page of the Library
2. Outreach to academics and researchers of the University
3. Publicity through exhibitions, campus events, posters, Library newsletter and social networking tools.
4. Arrange seminars and talks on the digital collections

 

 

9. Governance and Implementation

The Library is responsible for ensuring that this digitisation policy is implemented effectively under a robust governance structure. To achieve this, the following departments of the Library are charged with specific roles and responsibilities:

1. Collecting – Special Collections, Collection Management & Preservation (CMP)
2. Selection of materials for digitisation – Digital Initiatives Group (DIG) in consultation with University Librarian
3. Funding – The CUHK Library and other partners
4. Digitisation of materials – Research Support & Digital Initiatives
5. Metadata creation and support – Cataloging, Special Collections
6. Access via the CUHK Digital Repository – Research Support & Digital Initiatives in collaboration with Special Collections
7. Access via Library Catalogue - Cataloging
8. Access via Archive Management Software – Special Collections
9. Access via Discovery Tool – Library IT & Systems
10. Digital preservation – Research Support & Digital Initiatives
11. Promotion – Special Collections, Learning Support, Research Support & Digital Initiatives
12. Evaluation of success – Digital Initiatives Group (DIG)

 

 

10. Measurement of Success

The Library will measure the success of its digitisation activities with a mixture of quantitative and qualitative criteria:

1. Production –number of items digitized annually
2. Level of Use
   
   1. number of unique users visiting the collections in the CUHK Digital Repository
   2. number of times a digital object is viewed
   3. number of research projects making use of the collections
   4. number of digital objects used in curriculum of the University
3. Citation counts of the digitised materials – number of times the collection is cited or linked
4. Level of funding support – annual budget spent on or external sources of funding secured for digitisation
5. Implementation – number of digitised collections launched on schedule and within budget
6. User’s feedback in the form of surveys such as LibQual

The above statistics and comments should be incorporated into regular statistical reports of the Library and make available to the Library Management Group on a regular basis.

 

 

11. Review of the Policy

This policy will be reviewed every three years by the Digital Initiatives Group (DIG) in consultation with the University Librarian to assess its success and to ensure it continues to reflect and meet the changes in the University and the Library’s policy and the rapid development of digitisation standards and technologies.

 

Drafted by: Louisa Lam, Head of Research Support and Digital Initiatives
Endorsed by: Digital Initiatives Group
Approved by: Library Management Group
Current Version: Version 1 dated 29.04.2015
Date of Next Review: 29.04.2017

 

---

 

Appendix 1 – Scorecard Method for the Selection of Materials for Digitisation

All the selection criteria are listed as scorecard criteria in Table 1. Each criterion needs to be given a score in the “Fit” column according to the following simple scale:

0	1	2
Does not meet	Partially meets	Meets

 

Then a score in the “Weight” column should also be given to each criterion for importance according to the following simple scale:

 

0	1	2
Not important	May be important	Important

 

Scoring is calculated by multiplying the Fit by the Weight e.g.

A Fit of ‘1’ times a Weight of ‘2’ creates a score of ‘2’

A Fit of ‘2’ times a Weight of ‘0’ creates a score of ‘0’

A score of ‘2’ or ‘4 - the material meets or exceeds the criteria that are important to the digitisation project.

A score of ‘0’ or ‘1’ - the material fails to meet the criteria that are important to the digitisation project.

Table 1: Scoring Selection Criteria for Identifying Materials for Digitisation

 

Selection Criteria	Fit	Weight	Score	Meets or exceeds (✔)	Fails (✔)
1. Current and potential value of the digitized copy
a. The materials have active research being carried out
b. The materials will have value as a resource, able to be utilized to create new research projects or open up other research opportunities
c. The materials are relevant to the research, teaching and learning programs of the University
d. The materials can be further developed by applying new technologies and new research methods such as digital humanities
2. Access to the original
a. The original is rare, unique or has few viewable or usable copies (regardless of form) that limits access
b. There is a significant existing demand to access the original
c. The original is fragile or being put at unacceptable risk of damage or loss due to the current level of access
d. The original is difficult or costly to access due to factors such as its location, conditions placed on access, or preparation required for access
3. Donor’s wish and clearance of copyright
a. The materials are requested by donors for digitisation
b. Donors have given consent to the Library for digitisation
c. The materials have been cleared of copyright or it is anticipated that the appropriate rights and permissions can be sought with ease
4. Digitisation technique
a. The material can be readily prepared for digitisation such as its repairs, conditioning and organizing
b. The digitisation technology being proposed is readily available
c. The digitisation technology is not costly
d. The digital format and carrier proposed can be managed over time
Overall tally

免責聲明和移除政策

此政策適用於香港中文大學數碼館藏中提供所有線上開放取用的資源。

 

免責聲明

我們一直致力確保數碼館藏資源的內容符合香港特別行政區的相關法例。需要注意的是，我們未能完全確定某些作品的版權持有人。雖然明確列出了版權持有人及其已授予版權使用許可, 但請確保這些作品的重新使用須符合指定的使用許可，並包括適當的引用確認聲明。如果任何人仕認為你的版權受到了任何形式的侵犯，請立即通知圖書館的數碼典藏團隊，以通過電子郵件發送至digitization@lib.cuhk.edu.hk。

 

移除政策

根據本政策提出的所有投訴都必須包含以下資料：（i）投訴人的全名，地址，電話號碼和電郵地址； （ii）有關投訴的作品的完整說明，包括資源所在位置的完整互聯網網址(URL)； （iii）申訴的理由，例如據稱被違反的法律； （iv）任何其他支持投訴的相關資訊。圖書館將致力確保解決有關申訴，如發現有足夠理據，我們將停止所涉及作品的開放取用。

開放取用

「開放取用政策」

香港中文大學圖書館支持「開放取用政策」。我們也尊重第三方的知識產權。有些數碼館藏已根據版權人的要求，並在香港法例第528章《版權條列》的規定下進行訪問限制。但是，除非另有說明，本數碼典藏的內容是向公眾開放的，並根據共享創意條款署名- 非商業性 – 禁止衍生  授權使用，協議包括下列條款：

你可以自由地以任何媒體或格式複製及再分發資料，前提是：

• 你必須給作者適當的認可或提供連結到協議；及
• 你不可將資料作商業用途；及
• 如果你混合、改變或建立在資料上，你不獲授權分發修改過的資料。

「香港中文大學數碼典藏」是圖書館首個支援開放取用的資源並已於以下開放取用的目錄平台上登記及可供閱覽：

 

	BASE
	CORE
	Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR)
	Hong Kong Institutional Repositories (HKIR) For CUHK Electronic Theses & Dissertations Collection
	Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) For CUHK Electronic Theses & Dissertations Collection
	OCLC WorldCat OAIster
	Open Archives Initiative
	Registry of Open Access Repositories

 

如對上述資料有任何查詢，請聯絡digitization@lib.cuhk.edu.hk